Monday, February 28, 2011

Florence Galleria degli Uffizi (religious selection)

The Galleria degli Uffizi contains a considerable collection of paintings of religious Christian motifs by Italian painters from the 14th to the 18th centuries.


A Galleria degli Uffizi contém apreciável colecção de pinturas de motivos religiosos Cristãos de pintores italianos dos séculos XIV a XVIII.

Andrea and Jacopo Orcagna di Cione (´1320-1400) (1308-1368)-'St. Matthew raising a young man from the dead'-(1367-1370)

Luca Signorelli (ca 1445-1523)-'the Holy Family'-ca 1485

Antonio Francesco Peruzzini (ca 1643-1724)-'countryside with Hermits'-(1700-1710)

Jacopo d' Antonio Negretti or Palma il Vecchio (1480-1528)-'the Resurrection of Lazarus'-(1508-1510)

Jacopo d' Antonio Negretti or Palma il Vecchio (1480-1528)-'the Holy Family'-(1508-1512)

Boiling Bubbles are Cool in Space


It may seem illogical, but boiling is a very efficient way to cool engineering components and systems used in the extreme environments of space.

An experiment to gain a basic understanding of this phenomena launched to the International Space Station on space shuttle Discovery Feb. 24. The Nucleate Pool Boiling Experiment, or NPBX, is one of two experiments in the new Boiling eXperiment Facility, or BXF.

Nucleate boiling is bubble growth from a heated surface and the subsequent detachment of the bubble to a cooler surrounding liquid. As a result, these bubbles can efficiently transfer energy from the boiling surface into the surrounding fluid. This investigation provides an understanding of heat transfer and vapor removal processes that happen during nucleate boiling in microgravity. Researchers will glean information to better design and operate space systems that use boiling for efficient heat removal.

Bubbles in microgravity grow to different sizes than on Earth. This experiment will focus on the dynamics of single and multiple bubbles and the associated heat transfer.

NPBX uses a polished aluminum wafer, powered by heaters bonded to its backside, and five fabricated cavities that can be controlled individually. The experiment will study single and/or multiple bubbles generated at these cavities. It will measure the power supplied to each heater group, and cameras will record the bubble dynamics. Analysis of the heater power data and recorded images will allow investigators to determine how bubble dynamics and heat transfer differ in microgravity.

"With boiling, the size and weight of heat exchange equipment used in space systems can be significantly reduced," said Vijay Dhir, the experiment's principal investigator at the University of California, Los Angeles. "Boiling and multiphase heat transfer is an enabling technology for space exploration missions including storage and handling of cryogenic, or extremely low temperature liquids, life support systems, power generation and thermal management."

"The cost of transporting equipment to space depends on the size and weight of the equipment," added David Chao, the project scientist from NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland. "The knowledge base that will be developed through the experiment will give us the capability to achieve cooling of various components and systems used in space in an efficient manner and could lead to smaller and lighter spacecraft."

For more information visit http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/npbx.html

Thomas & Friends: Pop Goes Thomas ~ DVD ~ GIVEAWAY!!! ~ Ends 3/14





Tour the bumpy track when Thomas delivers a picnic surprise of bubbling lemony treat to everyone!

The fun adventures continue when Thomas and Percy play a fun game of hide-and-seek while trying to get all their work done too!

Cheer on the Sodor football team with Emily, and make sure you save room for cake because Mr. Bubbles the clown prepared a showstopper of a picnic.

This Thomas is fun - but we always love Thomas around here!

WIN IT!!!

One lucky winner will receive A copy of Thomas & Friends:Pop Goes Thomas on DVD

MAIN ENTRY:


Comment on Thomas & Friends and become a friend @ Wishing Penny via Google Friends Connect. Both parts are mandatory to win - thanks :)

EXTRAS:

*Like/Fan Thomas & Friends at Facebook ( 3 bonus entries )

*Like/Fan Me @ Facebook ( 3 bonus entries )

*Follow me @jamaise at Twitter & Tweet this : RT @jamaise #GIVEAWAY #WIN - A copy of Thomas & Friends:Pop Goes Thomas on DVD  http://bit.ly/gQBBq2 ends3/14 tweet each day for one entry each !

*Blog about this giveaway & leave me the link ( 5 bonus entries)

*Grab my holiday button & tell me where to find it ( 2 bonus entries )

*Follow my blog via Google Friend Connect ( 3 bonus entries )

*Enter any other giveaway here for one entry each


That's 9 entry methods with tons of bonus & a chance for unlimited entries with daily tweets!


Giveaway will end on March 14 th at 11 :59 am EST. Winner will be selected using Random .org. I will email the winner & you will have 48 hours to reply back before I draw a new winner . Please remember to leave me your email address if it is not visible on your profile so that I can contact you if you win. Good luck to everyone :)


Disclaimer: HIT Entertainment provided me with all information and product to review. I was under no obligation to review it if I so chose. Nor was I under any obligation to write a positive review or sponsor a product giveaway in return for the free product.

Cake Lingerie ~ Strawberry Shortcake Set ~ GIVEAWAY!!! ~ Ends 3/14


There is no reason to have boring lingerie during pregnancy or nursing. These are super womanly, beautiful times in your life and you should have underwear to match. But normally we feel vulnerable, insecure during these times.

Don't hide it - feel feminine, soft, and sexy in Cake. Just as we do when we're not pregnant or nursing!

I love that Cake was created by a Mommy who when sick of only finding matronly, blah lingerie during her own pregnancy. Realizing she already felt unsure of her changing body, she longed for pieces that made her feel good not further unsure.

She did a fabulous job with an eye for detail. Cake is beautiful for pregnant, nursing, even transitioning mammas - will make you feel good - feminine, stylish, comfortable all while being very functional.

Cake Lingerie is an international designer brand, specialising in the creation of sophisticated maternity and nursing lingerie. Cake delivers beautiful lingerie that intertwines sensual comfort & a secure fit with much needed style and polish.

Worn and loved by celebrities around the world, Cake Lingerie empowers women to celebrate their new found curves with graceful elegance. With astonishing attention to detail, this gorgeous collection will make you look and feel fabulous.

We all know cake is Yum!



BUY IT:

You can purchase Cake online @ http://www.cakelingerie.com/ - so many pretty things to look at :))

WIN IT:

One very lucky winner will receive a Strawberry Shortcake Set in their choice of size 32B-38G !!!

MAIN ENTRY:

Visit Cake and tell me your favorite flavor & become a friend @ Wishing Penny via Google Friend Connect. Both parts mandatory to win - thanks :)

EXTRAS:

*Like/Fan Cake Lingerie @ Facebook ( 3 bonus entries )

*Like/Fan Me @ Facebook ( 3 bonus entries )

*Follow me @jamaise at Twitter & Tweet this :  RT @jamaise #GIVEAWAY #WIN -  Cake Lingerie ~ Strawberry Shortcake Set ~ $88 retail value http://bit.ly/f38FLX Ends 3/14  tweet each day for one entry each !

*Blog about this giveaway & leave me the link ( 5 bonus entries)

*Grab my button & tell me where to find it ( 2 bonus entries )

*Follow my blog via Google Friend Connect ( 3 bonus entries )

*Enter any other giveaway here for one entry each


That's 8 entry methods with tons of bonus & a chance for unlimited entries with daily tweets!


Giveaway will end on March 14th at 12 pm EST. Winner will be selected using Random .org. I will email the winner & you will have 48 hours to reply back before I draw a new winner . Please remember to leave me your email address if it is not visible on your profile so that I can contact you if you win. Good luck to everyone :)


Disclaimer: Cake Lingerie provided me with all information and product to review. I was under no obligation to review it if I so chose. Nor was I under any obligation to write a positive review or sponsor a product giveaway in return for the free product.

The Last Legion (dir. Doug Lefler, 2007)


It seems appropriate, the day after Colin Firth won a well-deserved Oscar for his brilliant performance in The King's Speech, to post a review of, shall we say, one of his lesser-known films. I know of the existence of this movie thanks to Antoninus Pius' blog, where he posted a review a while ago - the film disappeared so entirely on its cinematic release I'd never have heard of it otherwise. It is a gloriously silly concoction in which Academy Award Winner Colin Firth and Knight of the Realm, Academy Award Winner Sir Ben Kingsley travel to Hadrian's Wall with Mr Wickham to protect the kid from Love, Actually (who doesn't appear to have aged in four years) from Boring himself, Lucius Vorenus. Who is a Scots-accented Goth.

If you weren't confused enough already, Batiatus also makes an appearance, not as Batiatus (one of Firth's men) but as a slimy senator who conspires with Star Trek DS9's Dr Bashir against our heroes and is, once again, gutted for his pains. True to his later argument, regarding Spartacus: Blood and Sand, that since everyone would be speaking Latin, it doesn't matter if he uses his own Scottish accent, his character here has quite possibly arrived in Rome via Edinburgh. Trouble is, all the other Roman characters are speaking The Queen's Latin, while all the Goths use Scottish accents, so this is just off-putting (or, possibly, an explanation for why his character switches sides?).

If I poke holes in all the fim's historical inaccuracies we'll be here all day, but I feel I should draw attention to some of the biggest clangers. First of all, neither Tiberius nor Romulus Augustulus were the last of Caesar's line, as Caesar's line died with his son by Cleopatra, Caesarion. (Of course, there's always the possibility that Dodgey from Rome smuggled Caesarion away and Romulus is his descendent - but in that story, Caesarion isn't Caesar's son anyway...). Caesar left no direct descendants at all and the last emperor to be related to him was Nero - Tiberius was his nephew's step-son. Perhaps more importantly, attempts to create a hereditary monarchy in the Roman Empire were generally doomed to failure sooner or later so the emphasis on bloodline is a bit off. As for the Eastern Byzantine Empire - OK, it was becoming an increasingly separate entity from the Western Empire, but the fashions are far too Oriental and not Greek enough and I'm pretty sure it didn't extend as far as Kerala in southern India.

The film also brings up the 'lost' ninth legion, who may or may not have disappeared somewhere in Britain or Europe several centuries earlier. Antoninus Pius knows much more about the military history of this than I do (being emperor and all) so I point you in the direction of his blog for the details, but it's worth bringing up because the disappearance of the ninth is the subject of both last year's Centurion and next month's The Eagle. I also really like this film's answer to the question of what happened to the legion - they settled down, married local women, took Celtic names and stayed put. This may not be what happened to the real ninth legion, but it is something that happened a lot after the Romans withdrew from Britain around AD 410 and it makes a nice change from the usual Pictish massacre.

Really, though, it isn't fair to pick at the history in this film, because this film isn't supposed to be about history. This, like Troy, is about myth and reality really has no part in it. The writers (and Valerio Massimo Manfredi, author of the novel on which the film is based) haven't started with Roman history, but with Arthurian legend. Stories of King Arthur often claim an origin from the classical world for their hero (just like Virgil and others claiming a Trojan origin for the Romans, in a way), though the precise nature of the connection varies. In producing this story, the writers have started with Arthurian legend - Merlin, the sword in the stone, the name 'Excaliber', dragons, Vortigern - and traced their origins back into an imaginary Rome.

The film actually walks a fine line between fantasy and realism reasonably well, but balancing itself so carefully in between two distinct genres unfortunately means it doesn't seem to know where it lives, and doesn't fit into either of them. The film starts out like an historical swashbuckler, but about halfway through it seems to want to be The Lord of the Rings, which it most certainly isn't - there isn't nearly enough of a sense of scale and wonder about it, and the usually excellent Patrick Doyle doesn't quite seem to be feeling it with the music.

The actors do their best with two-dimensional characters, the central group being made up of an absolutely typical Five Man Band (as described on TV Tropes); The Leader (Academy Award Winner Colin Firth/Mr Darcy), The Lancer (possibly Vatrenus, killed off fairly early on), The Young Guy (Mr Wickham/Prince Albert), The Big Guy (this film's Batiatus) and The Chick (Mira). The actress playing Romulus' mother is rear-end-clenchingly awful, but everyone else is fine, and Firth and Kingsley could read the phone book and be entertaining, though neither are quite up to their Oscar-winning heights here. Kingsley's Welsh accent is fine but his performance in general is all too reminiscent of the narration at the fabulous North Wales tourist attraction, King Arthur's Labyrinth (this involves a boat in a cave and is brilliant - if you're in southern Snowdonia, go visit it!). Firth can do the snappy soldier pretty well and has some great comedy moments (his face when Sangster hugs him is hilarious) but he struggles, ironically, with the Independence Day-style speech he has to give which is not quite as successful as his more recent speechifying efforts (though stammer-free).

A smoking-dragon incense burner I bought from Corris Craft Centre, by King Arthur's Labyrinth

I think this could end up being a good guilty pleasure for rainy afternoons. Aishwarya Rai as Mira kicks ass, Firth and Rupert Friend are reliably sexy and wield swords, Boring gets his comeuppance and it's got Merlin in it, not to mention some really amazing-looking scenery filmed in Tunisia (though the CGI-castle thing in Britannia not only makes one think of Monty Python, but is so incredibly inappropriate for the period it takes me right out of the film). It also features Alexander Siddig, who I met at a convention once and who is lovely, so that's always nice (though he is once again playing a eeevil character - he explained to all of us that, outside of Star Trek, he has spent most of his career stuck playing eeevil terrorists). This is not, by any stretch of the imagination, a good film, but its problems are artistic more than they are historical, because this film is not meant to be any more historical than Xena: Warrior Princess. Watch it with friends, pizza and your alcoholic/caffeinated beverage of choice and you may find you have an enjoyable evening. Just don't expect it to be Gladiator.

Sunday, February 27, 2011

John Singleton Copley and the USA

The American painter John Singleton Copley (1733-1815) was concerned with issues related to the independence the USA. A statue of Copley was erected in Copley Square in Boston.


O pintor americano John Singleton Copley (1733-1815) preocupou-se com temas relacionados com a independência dos EUA. Possui estátua na Praça Copley em Boston.

John Singleton Copley (1733-1815)-'the siege and relief of Gibraltar, 13 September 1782 (the defeat of the floating batteries at Gibraltar)'-oil on canvas-ca 1783 London-Tate Gallery

John Singleton Copley (1733-1815)-'death of the Major Peirsons'-oil on canvas-ca (1782-1784) London-Tate Gallery

John Singleton Copley (1733-1815)-'the victory of Lord Duncan aka surrender of the Dutch Admiral DeWinter to Admiral Duncan, 11 October 1797 (battle of Camperdown)'-oil on canvas-(1798-1799) Edinburgh-National Gallery of Scotland

John Singleton Copley (1733-1815)-'the collapse of the Earl of Chatham (William Pitt) in the house of Lords (11 May 1778)'-oil on canvas London-Tate Gallery

John Singleton Copley (1733-1815)-'John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) (six President, 1825-1829)'-oil on canvas-1796

Discovering Discovery's Payloads for the STS-133 Mission


The Space Shuttle Discovery, which launched on Thursday, Feb. 24, 2011, blasted off into space en route for a rendezvous with the International Space Station. The shuttle carries not only the crewmembers, but some fascinating research and technology. Payloads include 5 investigations for the crew to perform and 24 studies with hardware or samples. On the trip back to Earth, Discovery will return 22 investigations with samples or data for the ground researchers to study.

The following are some of the investigations flying on STS-133, grouped by their focus area.

Biology and Biotechnology

Four biology and biotechnology investigations (two conducted during the STS-133 mission and two long duration performed on the space station) examine cell growth, immune system function, bacterial development, and plant growth under microgravity conditions. National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or NLP-Vaccine-MRSA -- This investigation uses microgravity to examine Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogenic (i.e., disease-causing) organism resistant to most common antibiotics. The goal is to develop a potential vaccine for the prevention of infection on Earth and in microgravity. Mouse Immunology Effect of Space Flight on Innate Immunity to Respiratory Viral Infections -- This investigation examines the impact of microgravity on the immune system by challenging it with respiratory syncytial virus or RSV.

National Laboratory Pathfinder - Cells - 6 (NLP-Cells-6) -- This investigation assesses the effects of microgravity on the formation, establishment, and multiplication of undifferentiated cells. It also evaluates changes in cell structure, growth and development, genetic changes, and differential gene expression of Jatropha curcas, a biofuel plant. This study identifies significant changes that occur in microgravity, which could contribute to the development of new cultivars of this biofuel plant.

Dynamism of Auxin Efflux Facilitators, CsPINs, Responsible for Gravity-regulated Growth and Development in Cucumber, or CsPINs -- This investigation uses cucumber seedlings to analyze the effect of gravity on gravimorphogenesis (i.e., peg formation) in cucumber plants.

Human Research

Three studies of the cardiovascular system, i.e. Integrated Cardiovascular evaluate different aspects of the cardiovascular system and the effects of long-duration spaceflight. These investigations represent an international collaboration using the same equipment to study different components of the cardiovascular system. Also part of human research are two nutritional studies and an immune study, which look at developing countermeasures for long-duration space flight.

Cardiac Atrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction During and After Long Duration Spaceflight: Functional Consequences for Orthostatic Intolerance, Exercise Capability and Risk for Cardiac Arrhythmias, or Integrated Cardiovascular -- This investigation quantifies the extent, time course, and clinical significance of cardiac atrophy (i.e., decrease in the size of the heart muscle) associated with long-duration space flight. This experiment identifies the mechanisms of this atrophy and the functional consequences for crewmembers who will spend extended periods of time in space.

Long Term Microgravity: A Model for Investigating Mechanisms of Heart Disease with New Portable Equipment, or Card -- This investigation studies blood pressure decreases in the human body exposed to microgravity on board the space station. Vascular Health Consequences of Long-Duration Space Flight, or Vascular -- This investigation determines the impact of long-duration space flight on the blood vessels of crewmembers.

The Dietary Intake Can Predict and Protect Against Changes in Bone Metabolism during Spaceflight and Recovery, or Pro K -- This investigation is NASA's first evaluation of a dietary countermeasure to lessen crewmember bone loss. Pro K proposes that a flight diet with a decreased ratio of animal protein to potassium will lead to decreased loss of bone mineral. Pro K has impacts on the definition of nutritional requirements and development of food systems for future exploration missions, and could yield a method of counteracting bone loss that would have virtually no risk of side effects. During previous on-orbit, ground, and bed-rest studies, it was found that participants who ate more servings of fish rich in omega-fatty-3 acid per week had higher bone density than those who had fewer servings.

SOdium LOading in Microgravity, or SOLO -- This investigation studies the mechanisms of fluid and salt retention in the body during space flight. Samples from this study will come back to Earth on Discovery’s return flight.

Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crew Member Immune Function known as Integrated Immune -- This investigation looks at the clinical risks to the human immune system during spaceflight. It also has samples returning to Earth as part of the mission for STS-133.

Technology

Investigations are only a part of the STS-133 mission. The crew will also reach a major milestone for the station by completing the interior outfitting of the National Laboratory. They will add a final rack to the Express Racks, which are bench-like structures that support equipment in the orbiting lab. The installation of the last rack, known as Express Rack 8, furnishes the facility with full research capabilities.

Another technological advancement launching on STS-133 is Robonaut, which serves as a springboard to help evolve new robotic capabilities in space. Robonaut demonstrates that a dexterous robot can launch and operate in a space vehicle, manipulate mechanisms in a microgravity environment, operate for an extended duration within the space environment, assist with tasks, and eventually interact with the crewmembers.

Also part of the Space Shuttle Discovery payload is a new facility, the Boiling eXperiment Facility or BXF. This equipment enables the study of boiling in space, paving the way for two new investigations: Microheater Array Boiling Experiment, or BXF-MABE and Nucleate Pool Boiling Experiment, or BXF-NPBX Boiling in microgravity differs from boiling here on Earth. In space, there is a lack of buoyancy, so the steam from boiling liquids does not rise. Studies completed in the BXF may generate new technology for energy production and the design of cooling systems on Earth and in space vehicles.

For more information visit http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/sts133.html

ShopBlithe ~ Baby Quilt ~ Indian block print ~ GIVEAWAY!!! ~ Ends 3/9




Isn't it lovely?

100% Cotton, Baby Quilt, hand printed using traditional Indian block printing


These quilts are so beautiful. I get complements everywhere I go. The unique, ethnic pattern adds wonderful texture and color to your baby's surroundings. Being 100% cotton, it feels good on baby's skin.

Light. breathable and perfect for stroller, carseat, naptime, or a little play mat.
Capri loves the patterns. There is a different pattern on each side. She seems to recognize her blanket and loves to just look at it :) So do I.

Designed by Bungalow out of Copenhagen, Denmark - they make beautiful things!

Machine wash in cool water on gentle cycle, tumble dry low.

BUY IT:

You can purchase these and lots of other lovely Indian inspired goods online @ shoplithe -http://shopblithe.com/

WIN IT:

One LUCKY winner will receive a quilt in his or her choice of colorway turquoise/green or pink/orange :)) Get a second chance to win one of these wonderful quilts @ the 5000 Fan Giveaway at  bumbledoo!


MAIN ENTRY:

Visit Shop Blithe and tell me another item in the shop you'd love to have & become a friend @ Wishing Penny via Google Friend Connect. Both parts mandatory to win - thanks :)

EXTRAS:

*Like/Fan ShopBlithe @ Facebook ( 3 bonus entries )

*Like/Fan Me @ Facebook ( 3 bonus entries )

*Follow me @jamaise at Twitter & Tweet this :  RT @jamaise #GIVEAWAY #WIN - Blithe ~ Baby Quilt ~  Indian block print ~Gorgeous! Ends 3/9  tweet each day for one entry each !

*Blog about this giveaway & leave me the link ( 5 bonus entries)

*Grab my button & tell me where to find it ( 2 bonus entries )

*Follow my blog via Google Friend Connect ( 3 bonus entries )

*Enter any other giveaway here for one entry each


That's 8 entry methods with tons of bonus & a chance for unlimited entries with daily tweets!


Giveaway will end on March 9th at 12 pm EST. Winner will be selected using Random .org. I will email the winner & you will have 48 hours to reply back before I draw a new winner . Please remember to leave me your email address if it is not visible on your profile so that I can contact you if you win. Good luck to everyone :)


Disclaimer: Blithe provided me with all information and product to review. I was under no obligation to review it if I so chose. Nor was I under any obligation to write a positive review or sponsor a product giveaway in return for the free product.

Giveaways @ Sweeps4Bloggers


My favorite place for giveaways - new ones added daily! But I'm sure you know this :)

*Aussan Natural Cleaning Products (ends 2/27/11)

*Old Farmer's Almanac Set (ends 3/5/11)

*Mata Traders Fair Trade Sparrow Bag (ends 3/6/11)

*VTech 2-Line Phone with Answering System (ends 3/8/11)

*21-Day Weight Loss Kickstart (ends 3/10/11)
 
*Tetley Tea Prize Package (ends 3/11/11)

*Planet Hugger Cleaning Products (ends 3/12/11)

*31 Gifts Personalized Thermal Tote (ends 3/13/11)

*Click Vanilla Latte Prize Package (ends 3/13/11)

*Lilla Rose Hair Jewelry (ends 3/17/11)

*Karmin G3 Salon Pro Flat Irons (ends 3/18/11)

Saturday, February 26, 2011

Winter with snow (Inverno com neve)

In difficult situations of citizens’ life, it is advisable to recall the words of a Portuguese poet (Augusto Gil) "snow is falling in nature and in my heart”.


Em situações difíceis da vida dos cidadãos convém relembrar as palavras dum poeta português (Augusto Gil) «cai neve na natureza e cai no meu coração».

Jasper Francis Cropsey (1823-1900)-'winter in Switzerland'-oil on canvas-1851 Private collection

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov (1848-1916)-'the boyarynia morozova'-oil on canvas-1887 Moscow-Tretyakov Gallery

Jean-Desiré-Gustave Courbet (1819-1877)-'poor woman of the village'-oil on canvas-1866 Private collection

Joos de Momper the younger (1564-1635)-'village in the winter'-oil on wood Hamburg-Kunsthalle

Nikolay Nikanorovich Dubovskoy (1859-1918)-'winter in the Trinity-St Sergius monastery'-oil on canvas-1917 Moscow-Tretyakov Gallery

Friday, February 25, 2011

Mosque (Mesquita)

The word mosque seems to derive from the Arabic word “masjid” through the Spanish “mosque”. It is intended to welcome the faithful Muslims for their prayers and community meetings. Mosques display the most expressive forms of Islamic architecture characterized by domes and towers (minarets).


O vocábulo Mesquita parece derivar da palavra Árabe “masjid” por intermédio da Espanhola mezquita. Destina-se a acolher os fiéis Muçulmanos para as suas preces e reuniões comunitárias. Apresentam as formas mais expressivas da arquitectura Islâmica caracterizadas pelas cúpulas e torres (minaretes).

Auguste Borget (1808-1877)-'an Indian Mosque on the Hooghly river near Calcutta'-oil on canvas-1846 Private collection

Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824-1904)-'young Greeks at the Mosque'-oil on panel-1865 Minneapolis (Minnesota)-Institute of Arts

Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824-1904)-'public prayer in the Mosque of Amr, Cairo'-oil on canvas-1870 Private collection

Charalampos Laskaris (1950- )-'Istanbul. Blue Mosque'-oil on canvas

al-Hariri Maqamat-'interior of a Mosque'-ca 1240 St Ptetersbug-Institute of Oriental Studies (Ms Iraq)

Stargate SG-1: The Curse


Quick plug: I have a new article out at Sound on Sight, on Five Films that Blur the Line Between Fantasy and Reality (I must try to come up with a snappier title next time!).

This episode of SG-1 is one of those mid-season episodes that serve to re-direct the main Goa'uld plot a bit and set up the season finale. In this case, we are introduced to a new Goa'uld, Osiris, another Egyptian deity, in the form of Daniel's ex-girlfriend Sarah (because his wife/another Goa'uld was killed off the previous year, so of course, we need to pile some more emotional trauma/sexual tension on top of Daniel). The audience ought to realise immediately that the unfortunate Sarah will end up Goa'ulded by the end of the episode as, like so many American bad guys, she has an English accent. We also see Osiris' consort Isis, in a way - her dead worm-y body is dissected by Doc Frasier.

This is also the episode that introduced us to Colonel O'Neill's cabin by the lake with no fish in it. When Daniel calls Teal'c for some translation assistance, Teal'c delivery of the phrase 'banished to oblivion' is priceless, as are his repeated offers to return to the SGC.

Events in the episode are kicked off by the mysterious death of Daniel's old archaeology professor in an lab explosion. I can't help wondering what an archaeology professor is doing is a laboratory with explosive potential. Archaeologists do work in labs sometimes, but they don't usually have to share them with the chemistry department. (Please note: this is a joke. I am aware that chemistry labs do not spontaneously conbust on a regular basis). The episode makes several references to a 'curse' of Osiris that does not, as far as I know, have any basis in any belief, ancient or modern - I presume the writers were inspired by the supposed curse of Tutankhamun. In this case, presumably, the 'curse' is down to the fact that Osiris is a Goa'uld in hibernation.

Osiris was worshipped both in ancient Egypt and later, together with his sister-wife Isis, in Greece and Rome as the object of a mystery cult. Judging by the artefacts Daniel's old professor is working with, he's focussing on Osiris' Egyptian incarnation, which, of course, fits with Stargate's general focus on ancient Egyptian mythology. I suppose, in the Stargate universe, the quite different Greco-Roman cult of Isis and Osiris developed independently as a relic of the Egyptian cult after the Goa-uld left... but I digress.

As usual, Daniel's descriptions of Osiris' mythology and attributes (chiefly the crook and flail) are fairly accurate, up to the point where the myth needs to be changed to fit Stargate's plot, and the wall painting that Steven finds looks like it properly depicts Isis and Osiris. Daniel's description of the Osiris myth conforms fairly well to Plutarch's version, which is the most coherent version we have of Isis and Osiris' mythology (evidence for the narrative from ancient Egypt itself is very scanty; Plutarch was a Greek who lived and wrote in the second century AD). For some reason Daniel insists on referring to a 'magic box' rather than a coffin or casket, which would be more accurate. Is this a dumbing-down thing on the part of the writers? Surely their viewers know what a coffin is! Perhaps they're just using a different translation of Plutarch. The punishment/banishment bit is an alteration to make the myth fit Stargate's plotline and does not appear in ancient mythology.

Daniel describes a canopic jar that he finds as belonging to Isis (he calls it an 'Egyptian burial jar' - perhaps he's just simplifying things for Carter?). In real life, a canopic jar would 'belong' to the dead person whose organs are stored in it, but the purpose of the jar has been altered for this episode - rather than storing the organs of a human being buried in the tomb, this one stores the worm-form body of a Goa'uld symbiote. It belongs to Isis because it's Isis' symbiote that is stored in it, complete with alien technology to keep it alive (except it's broken).

One of the nice things about this episode is that is presents archaeology in a reasonably accurate way, and in a much less sensationalist way than usual. One of the handy things about archaeology for TV scriptwriters is that archaeologists often have to work against genuine deadlines, and the (1990s) Egyptian government's request for the artefacts seems a perfectly plausible one. Daniel's ex-colleague Steven's book is apparently on the bestseller list, which seems unlikely - though ancient Egypt is always popular so I suppose, if it was a general introduction rather than an academic tome, that might be possible. Daniel and Sarah's envy is certainly realistic!

Given that they obviously wanted a new female Goa'uld to play with, one can't help wondering why the writers went for the male Osiris over his female consort Isis. Presumably this was because Osiris, who was killed by Seth (a god/Goa'uld the team have already encountered), dismembered, then brought back from the dead and associated with death and resurrection seemed like a more interesting choice than Isis, who is among other things healer, mother and life-giver.

This episode is a bit functional, moving the plot to where it needs to be later in the season. On its own, it works reasonably well as a murder mystery, but the simplest kind. There are two suspects (i.e. people who may have been taken over by Osiris - Daniel's colleagues are probably not natural murderers!). One looks very obviously like the guilty party so, of course, it turns out to be other one. It is lovely to see Daniel actually being an archaeologist though, and we get a trip to Egypt thrown in too! (Well, some sand that looks like it could be Egypt. It makes a change from Canadian forests anyway). Not an all-time classic, but a fun enough way to pass forty-five minutes.

Thursday, February 24, 2011

Love of Venus and Mars (Amor de Vénus e Marte)

Several painters have worked the theme of love among Greek gods. Venus (Aphrodite), the wife of Vulcan (Hephaestus), has been thought to have demonstrated a sexually promiscuous behavior. In her affair with Mars she was caught by her husband. When Vulcan complained to the Olympic Gods he received a hearty laugh in response. In Greek mythology gods behaved like humans except in the immortality. Some paintings depict a certain degree of eroticism. Tintoretto hides Mars (Ares) under the bed.


Diversos pintores consideraram como tema o amor entre os deuses gregos. A Vénus (Afrodite), mulher de Vulcano (Hefestos), tem sido atribuído um comportamento sexualmente promíscuo. No caso com Marte terá sido surpreendida pelo marido. Quando este se queixou aos deuses olímpicos terá recebido uma gargalhada como resposta. Na mitologia grega os deuses tinham um comportamento humano excepto na imortalidade. Algumas obras revestem-se de carácter mais ou menos erótico. Tintoretto esconde Marte (Ares) debaixo da cama.

Piero di Cosimo (1462-1521)-'Venus, Mars and Amor'-oil on wood-ca 1595 Berlin-Gemäldegalerie

Jacopo Robusti or Tintoretto (ca 1518-1594)-'Venus, Mars and Vulcan'-oil on canvas-ca 1551 München-Alte Pinakothek

Carlo Saraceni (1579-1620)-'Venus and Mars'-oil on copper-ca 1500 Madrid-Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza

Sandro Botticelli (ca 1445-1510)-'Venus and Mars'-tempera on panel-ca 1483 London-National Gallery

Alexandre Charles Guillemot (1786-1831)-'Mars and Venus surprised by Vulcan'-oil on canvas Indianapolis-Museum of Art

NASA Spacecraft Images New Zealand Quake Region


A day after a powerful magnitude 6.3 earthquake rocked Christchurch, a city of 377,000 on New Zealand's South Island, on Feb. 22, 2011, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument on NASA's Terra spacecraft imaged the Christchurch region. The imaging was done at the request of the International Charter, Space and Major Disasters, which provides emergency satellite data to federal agencies in disaster-stricken regions.

Two images are presented here. The first is a perspective view showing the city of Christchurch and the Banks Peninsula at upper right, location of the quake's epicenter in Lyttelton. The Banks Peninsula is composed of two overlapping extinct volcanoes. The perspective view was created by draping the ASTER natural color image over the 3-D ASTER topographic data. The second image is a nadir view pointing straight down to the ground. The images cover an area of 19 by 26 kilometers (12 by 16 miles), and are located near 43.5 degrees south latitude, 172.6 degrees east longitude. The resolution of ASTER is not sufficient to spot damage to individual buildings.

The quake-the worst natural disaster to hit New Zealand in 80 years-struck at 12:51 p.m. local time on Feb. 22. It was centered in Lyttelton, just 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) southeast of Christchurch, at a shallow depth of just 5 kilometers (3.1 miles). It is considered to be part of the aftershock sequence of the much larger magnitude 7.0 earthquake of Sept. 4, 2010, which was centered 45 kilometers (30 miles) west of Christchurch. That quake, while larger, resulted in injuries and damage but no fatalities.

According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the Feb. 22 quake involved faulting at the eastern edge of the aftershock zone from the Sept. 2010 event. The earthquake is broadly associated with deformation occurring at the boundary of the Pacific and Australia tectonic plates.

For more information visit http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-061

Wednesday, February 23, 2011

Germany (2nd Reich)

Count Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (1815-1898) unified Germany when he was the Prime Minister of Prussia (1868-1890). The proclamation took place at Versailles (1871), the year he received the title of prince. He became the first Chancellor (1871-1890) of the second Empire (Deutsches Reich), which ended in 1918. The Holy Roman Empire (843-1806) is considered the first empire.


O conde Otto Leopold Eduard von Bismarck (1815-1898) unificou a Alemanha quando Primeiro-Ministro da Prússia (1868-1890). A Proclamação realizou-a em Versalhes (1871), ano em que recebeu o título de príncipe. Tornou-se o primeiro Chanceler (1871-1890) do segundo Império (Deutsches Reich) que terminou em 1918. Considera-se que o primeiro foi o Sacro Império Romano-Germânico (843-1806).

Anton von Werner (1843-1915)-'the Proclamation of the German Empire'-oil on canvas-1885 Friedrichruh-Bismarck Museum

Franz von Lenbach (1836-1904)-'portrait of Otto Bismarck'-oil on canvas-1880 München-Städlisches Galerie im Lenbachhaus

Franz von Lenbach (1836-1904) 'portrait of Otto Bismarck'-oil on wood-1889 München-Städlisches Galerie im Lenbachhaus

Franz von Lenbach (1836-1904) 'portrait of Otto Bismarck in Cuirassier uniform'-oil on canvas-1890 München-Städlisches Galerie im Lenbachhaus

Franz von Lenbach (1836-1904) 'portrait of Otto Bismarck'-oil on canvas-1894 Private collection

NASA'S Chandra Finds Superfluid in Neutron Star's Core


NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has discovered the first direct evidence for a superfluid, a bizarre, friction-free state of matter, at the core of a neutron star. Superfluids created in laboratories on Earth exhibit remarkable properties, such as the ability to climb upward and escape airtight containers. The finding has important implications for understanding nuclear interactions in matter at the highest known densities.

Neutron stars contain the densest known matter that is directly observable. One teaspoon of neutron star material weighs six billion tons. The pressure in the star's core is so high that most of the charged particles, electrons and protons, merge resulting in a star composed mostly of uncharged particles called neutrons.

Two independent research teams studied the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, or Cas A for short, the remains of a massive star 11,000 light years away that would have appeared to explode about 330 years ago as observed from Earth. Chandra data found a rapid decline in the temperature of the ultra-dense neutron star that remained after the supernova, showing that it had cooled by about four percent over a 10-year period.

"This drop in temperature, although it sounds small, was really dramatic and surprising to see," said Dany Page of the National Autonomous University in Mexico, leader of a team with a paper published in the February 25, 2011 issue of the journal Physical Review Letters. "This means that something unusual is happening within this neutron star."

Superfluids containing charged particles are also superconductors, meaning they act as perfect electrical conductors and never lose energy. The new results strongly suggest that the remaining protons in the star's core are in a superfluid state and, because they carry a charge, also form a superconductor.

"The rapid cooling in Cas A's neutron star, seen with Chandra, is the first direct evidence that the cores of these neutron stars are, in fact, made of superfluid and superconducting material," said Peter Shternin of the Ioffe Institute in St Petersburg, Russia, leader of a team with a paper accepted in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Both teams show that this rapid cooling is explained by the formation of a neutron superfluid in the core of the neutron star within about the last 100 years as seen from Earth. The rapid cooling is expected to continue for a few decades and then it should slow down.

"It turns out that Cas A may be a gift from the Universe because we would have to catch a very young neutron star at just the right point in time," said Page's co-author Madappa Prakash, from Ohio University. "Sometimes a little good fortune can go a long way in science."

The onset of superfluidity in materials on Earth occurs at extremely low temperatures near absolute zero, but in neutron stars, it can occur at temperatures near a billion degrees Celsius. Until now there was a very large uncertainty in estimates of this critical temperature. This new research constrains the critical temperature to between one half a billion to just under a billion degrees.

Cas A will allow researchers to test models of how the strong nuclear force, which binds subatomic particles, behaves in ultradense matter. These results are also important for understanding a range of behavior in neutron stars, including "glitches," neutron star precession and pulsation, magnetar outbursts and the evolution of neutron star magnetic fields.

Small sudden changes in the spin rate of rotating neutron stars, called glitches, have previously given evidence for superfluid neutrons in the crust of a neutron star, where densities are much lower than seen in the core of the star. This latest news from Cas A unveils new information about the ultra-dense inner region of the neutron star.

"Previously we had no idea how extended superconductivity of protons was in a neutron star," said Shternin's co-author Dmitry Yakovlev, also from the Ioffe Institute.

The cooling in the Cas A neutron star was first discovered by co-author Craig Heinke, from the University of Alberta, Canada, and Wynn Ho from the University of Southampton, UK, in 2010. It was the first time that astronomers have measured the rate of cooling of a young neutron star.

Page's co-authors were Prakash, James Lattimer (State University of New York at Stony Brook), and Andrew Steiner (Michigan State University.) Shternin's co-authors were Yakovlev, Heinke, Ho, and Daniel Patnaude (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.)

For more information visit http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/casa2011.html

Tuesday, February 22, 2011

Paris Florists (floristas)

The French painter Louis-Marie de Schryver (1862-1942) travelled through central Paris to paint women selling and buying flowers.


O pintor francês Louis-Marie de Schryver (1862-1942) percorreu a zona central de Paris para pintar mulheres a vender e comprar flores.

Louis-Marie de Schryver (1862-1942)-'the flower seller, Avenue de l'Opera, Paris'-oil on canvas-1891 Private collection

Louis-Marie de Schryver (1862-1942)-'the flower seller, Elysées'-oil on canvas-1895 Private collection


Louis-Marie de Schryver (1862-1942)-'the flower seller, Avenue de l'Opera, Paris'-oil on canvas-1895 Private collection

Louis-Marie de Schryver (1862-1942)-'a flower seller near the Arc de Triomphe'-oil on panel-1897 Private collection

Louis-Marie de Schryver (1862-1942) 'a flower seller at the Place de la Concorde'-oil on canvas-1892 Private collection