Green World Bags ~ Eco-bag Set ~ GIVEAWAY!!! ~ Ends 4/10

Reusable Bags, Recycled Bags, Eco-friendly bags- Green World Bags are a super cute, stylish way to make a difference. Going green can look really good.

Carrying eco- shoppers is a simple change shoppers can make to keep nasty plastic bags out of landfills and waterways. Using Green World Bags gives you a great looking, affordable choice.

I chose the Classic Series. I've had many complements while out shopping and I've directed several people to where they can purchase their own.

Designed in the classic paper bag shape, 14” reinforced loop handles and a bottom liner for increased stability. These bags are durable - lugging home my all my heavies like milk and caned goods. I love these bags!!

Green World Bags™ is committed to improving our environment. A portion of each sale goes to support the great environmental work being done by the folks at One Percent for the Planet and the Surfrider Foundation.

BUY IT:

You can purchase Green World Bags online at http://www.greenworldbags.com. Remember these bags make a great gift for those eco- conscious and those who could use these bags to start be!

Use this Promo Code :ED2009 which is good for a 20% when you order online.

WIN IT!!!

One lucky winner will receive a set of the EXOTIC Series Set (4) - Daring, exotic, and uninhibited this series was inspired by the earth’s untamed landscapes. Bring out your wild side while carrying these reusable totes.

MAIN ENTRY:

Visit Green World Bags and tell me which bag design is your favorite

EXTRAS:

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* follow Wishing Penny blog ( 2 bonus entries)


* Subscribe to Wishing Penny by email


* Subscribe to Wishing Penny by reader


* blog this post & leave a link ( 3 bonus entries )


* grab my button


* follow me at Networked Blogs (right side)


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* Re-Tweet daily for an extra entry each tweet


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- That's 11 possible entries with a chance for unlimited possible entry points!!


Giveaway will end on April 10th at 11 :59 am EST. Winner will be selected using Random .org. I will email the winner & you will have 48 hours to reply back before I draw a new winner . Please remember to leave me your email address if it is not visible on your profile so that I can contact you if you win. Good luck to everyone :)

Disclaimer: Green World Bags provided me with a review sample and the same for one winner. These views are my own.

Sugar & Spice

I just learned yesterday that I will be bringing a little girl into this world :))) There will be a whole lot more pink around here soon :) Everything's good in the world :)

Weleda~ Oral Care~ GIVEAWAY!!! ~ Ends 4/10

I can't say enough good about Weleda products. I would love to only use Weleda products for all my family's health & beauty needs.

Weleda harnesses the power of nature to bring you the purest most natural products as nature intended. No chemicals made in a lab. Only Biodynamically farmed holistic ingredients. Using natural ingredients that can holistically work with and support our own body’s healing tendencies.

Perfection in my eyes.

Weleda offers Creams & Lotions, Body Oils, Deodorants, Men's Care, Oral Care, for Baby & Mother. Weleda even offers Over the Counter & Specialty Medicines.

I was able to sample Weleda Salt Toothpaste. Teeth in need of a whitening scrub-down get sensational cleaning with this remarkable toothpaste. It’s a full oral cleansing that helps prevent the buildup of plaque and cares for your gums.

Made with sea salt - and you know when you get a sore throat you gargle with salt water . So brushing your teeth with it not only provides you with the cleaning and disinfecting power of salt, but the healing power of salt for your gums and overall mouth.

It doesn't foam like traditional toothpastes, so it takes getting used to, but the foaming ingredient is just another added chemical that's not a necessity. It feels good to my - nice and clean :)

The second product I got to sample is the Ratanhia Mouthwash Concentrate. Rinse away bad breath with the power of this refreshing mouthwash. It’s an invigorating mouthful of pure organic and natural plant extracts that soothe and tone your gums while freshening your breath.

Myrrh is widely known as a natural oral disinfectant. Organic ratanhia is a powerful astringent that tones the delicate skin around your gums and teeth and helps reduce harmful bacteria. Horse chestnut bark extract is a complementary astringent that also serves as an oral antiseptic. Your mouth feels clean and soothed with a long-lasting freshness of peppermint and eucalyptus that you can smell and taste. When you rinse away bad breath and naturally freshen your mouth, you’re once again ready to get up close and personal.

Just add 5 to 10 drops to a small glass of water and swish like traditional mouthwash. It has a lovely fresh feel and taste. It reminds me of something my Grandma had in her medicine cabinet when I was little. I love it and it's effective - leaves your mouth feeling fresh and clean all day.

Oral health never felt so good :) Makes me happy knowing what I'm putting in my mouth is pure and simple. And my kids use it too with makes me really happy.

BUY IT:

You can buy a variety of oral care products from Weleda online at http://usa.weleda.com/our-products/categories/oral-care.aspx and a t Target, Whole Foods, and select health food stores nationwide.

WIN IT!!!

One very lucky winner will receive the the two products I got to try - Salt Toothpaste & Ratanhia Mouthwash Concentrate for a happy, healthy smile :)

MAIN ENTRY:

Sign up for the newsletter @ Weleda

EXTRAS:

*enter to win a pair of UGG boots (simple 2 step entry) ( 5 bonus entries) -MUST BE ENTERED THROUGH THIS BLOG


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* Subscribe to Wishing Penny by email


* Subscribe to Wishing Penny by reader


* blog this post & leave a link ( 3 bonus entries )


* grab my button


* follow me at Networked Blogs (right side)


* follow me @ Twitter & tweet this contest - RT @jamaise {GIVEAWAY} #WIN a Oral Care prize pack from @Weleda http://bit.ly/cHPtwb ( 2 bonus entries)


* Re-Tweet daily for an extra entry each tweet


*follow at @Weleda Twitter


*become a fan of Weleda at Facebook


*Favorite me at Technorati



- That's 13 possible entries with a chance for unlimited possible entry points!!


Giveaway will end on April 10th at 11 :59 am EST. Winner will be selected using Random .org. I will email the winner & you will have 48 hours to reply back before I draw a new winner . Please remember to leave me your email address if it is not visible on your profile so that I can contact you if you win. Good luck to everyone :)

Disclaimer: Weleda me with a review sample and the same for one winner. These views are my own.

Casa de Áustria vs Bourbons

Por morte de Carlos II (Habsburgo) apareceram dois pretendentes ao trono de Espanha: Filipe, duque de Anjou, neto de Luís XIV, com apoio da França e Espanha; Carlos, arquiduque austríaco, preferido pela Holanda, Inglaterra, Sabóia e Prússia. Carlos III, depois de proclamado rei de Espanha a 12 de Setembro de 1703 em Viena, embarcou em Nápoles para Lisboa onde chegou a 9 de Março de 1704. Seria sagrado Imperador do Sacro-Império Germânico.
Invadido, Portugal criou dois exércitos: o da Beira, comandado por D. António Luís de Sousa, 4º marquês das Minas, o qual entrou em Madrid a 28 de Julho de 1706; o do Alentejo, a cargo de D. Dinis de Melo e Castro, 1º conde das Galveias.
A paz foi definitivamente aceite no Tratado de Utreque (1914) com a aceitação de Filipe IV (Bourbon) como rei de Espanha.

Ludolf Backhuysen (1631-1708) 'Batalha naval de Vigo a 12 Outubro de 1702'-óleo sobre tela-ca 1702

António Joli (1700-1777) 'Embarque de Carlos III em Nápoles'-óleo sobre tela-ca 1750 Madrid-Museo del Prado 

  
Gravura não identificada

NASA Scientists Plan To Approach Girl By 2018

Exploring the Carina Nebula by Touch

The raised arcs, lines, dots, and other markings in this 17-by-11-inch Hubble Space Telescope image of the Carina Nebula highlight important features in the giant gas cloud, allowing visually impaired people to feel what they cannot see and form a picture of the nebula in their minds. › Larger image

The Hubble Space Telescope's dramatic glimpse of the Carina Nebula, a gigantic cloud of dust and gas bustling with star-making activity, is a glorious feast for the eyes. Energetic young stars are sculpting a fantasy landscape of bubbles, valleys, mountains, and pillars. Now this celestial fantasyland has been brought into view for people who cannot explore the image by sight.

Max Mutchler, a research and instrument scientist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, and Noreen Grice, president of You Can Do Astronomy LLC and author of several tactile astronomy books, have created a touchable image of the Carina Nebula that is engaging for everyone, regardless of their visual ability.

The 17-by-11-inch color image is embossed with lines, slashes, and other markings that correspond to objects in the giant cloud, allowing visually impaired people to feel what they cannot see and form a picture of the nebula in their minds. The image's design is also useful and intriguing for sighted people who have different learning styles.

"The Hubble image of the Carina Nebula is so beautiful, and it illustrates the entire life cycle of stars," says Mutchler, who, along with Grice, unveiled the tactile Carina image in January 2010, at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington, D.C. "I thought that people who are visually impaired should be able to explore it and learn from it, too."

Located 7,500 light-years from Earth, the nebula is a 3-million-year-old gigantic cloud where thousands of stars are cycling through the stages of stellar life and death. The nebula is 300 light-years wide, but Hubble captured a 50-light-year-wide view of its central region.

A Hubble education and public outreach grant allowed Mutchler to produce the special image. The grant is part of his Hubble archival research project to create complete mosaics of a huge collection of individual Carina Nebula images taken by Hubble (http://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/carina/). Mutchler made 300 copies of the tactile image and will distribute them to organizations that serve the visually impaired, including state schools and libraries for the blind and the National Federation of the Blind in Baltimore, Md.

When Mutchler decided to make a tactile Carina Nebula image last year, he immediately called his friend Grice, who is a pioneer in designing tactile astronomy images for the blind.

But Grice says the nebula image is so visually rich, it posed a challenge to design a textured image that conveys its beauty and complexity.

"When I first looked at the image, I didn't know what to focus on," she recalls. "In order to translate the image into a tactile image, I had to make certain that I understood the individual features that make up the image. There was so much to see."

She spent a couple of hours on the telephone with Mutchler, who gave her a guided tour of the nebula. Then she parsed astronomy books, looking for other views of the nebula. One feature, in particular, gave her some trouble. It was the Keyhole Nebula. Grice couldn't see how the shape in the image resembled a keyhole. Finally, she came across a 1950s image of Carina, and suddenly, she got it. The name referred to the shape of an old-fashioned "skeleton" key. Some visually impaired children who have touched the image say the feature actually resembles a foot, Grice says.

Choosing which features to show on the textured image also posed a challenge. Grice says she relied on a lesson she learned from her first NASA tactile astronomy book of Hubble images called "Touch the Universe": less is more.

"Convey just enough to get the idea," she says. "Then provide some Braille text that explains the science and describes the scene. A picture that is jammed with too many tactile details is very overwhelming for the mind's eye."

Grice used the Keyhole Nebula as the focal point and added other important features suggested by Mutchler to tell the story of stellar life and death, such as pillars of gas and dust that harbor infant stars, a cluster of young stars called Trumpler 14, and a massive, unstable star, Eta Carinae, that is near the end of its life.

The pair then developed a tactile code identifying the raised features and wrote a short guided tour that provides more information on the highlighted on the features. The guide and an audio tour of the nebula are on a special Web page called "The Tactile Carina Nebula" (http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/tactile-carina/), on Amazing Space, the Space Telescope Science Institute's education Web site.

A stable of seasoned tactile astronomy evaluators, including Vivian Hoette, the education outreach coordinator of the University of Chicago's Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wis., and Ben Wentworth, a retired teacher from the Colorado School for the Blind in Colorado Springs, Colo., helped test several prototypes of the image. One such evaluation place was the Youth Slam, held in the summer of 2009 in College Park, Md. The National Federation of the Blind coordinated the event to promote careers in math, engineering, and science.

One of the biggest surprises from their testing was the image size. Grice and Mutchler originally thought that a large (almost 6-foot-wide) or medium-sized (3-foot-wide) tactile image would be appropriate for students. The children who sampled the image, however, preferred the much smaller 11-by-17-inch image.

"Many students felt lost with the larger prototype versions because certain objects were separated by empty spaces," Grice says. "However, the smaller version allowed hands to easily track from one object to another."

Adds Hoette, one of the evaluators: "The smaller size gives them enough details so they can get the big picture, and then they can read the science behind it in Braille text, or they can listen to the audio tour on 'The Tactile Carina' Web page while they are touching the image."

The Grice-Mutchler partnership has worked so well that the duo hopes to produce more tactile Hubble images. "It would be great to build up a catalogue of these images for the visually impaired," Mutchler says.

The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center manages the telescope. The Space Telescope Science Institute conducts Hubble science operations. The institute is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. in Washington, D.C.

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Árvore da Liberdade

A primitiva Árvore da Liberdade era um ulmeiro existente nas proximidades do Parque Púbico de Boston (Boston Common). A sua história começa e desenvolve-se com a imposição do Stamp Act do Governo Inglês (1765).
Com a Revolução Francesa apareceram outras Árvores da Liberdade. Em França: Vienne (Poitiers) em 1790 e Paris no mesmo ano e em 1792. Em Amesterdão a 4 de Março de 1795 frente à Câmara Municipal para celebrar a aliança da República de Batávia com a República Francesa. O exército francês instituiu em Roma a República Romana (15 de Fevereiro de 1798 a 30 de Setembro de 1799), para vingar a morte do general Louis Alexandre Bertier; ergueram uma Árvore da Liberdade na Piazza delle Cinque Scole para comemorar a abolição do Ghetto.

P. Hyman, David Bigelow 'Celebração da água no Parque Púbico de Boston  a 25 de Outubro de 1848'-litografia

Étienne Bericourt 'Plantação da Árvore da Liberdade durante a revolução'-óleo sobre tela-ca 1792  Paris-Musée de la Ville (Carnavalet)

Jean-Baptiste Lesueur (1794-1883) 'Plantação da Árvore da Liberdade durante a revolução'

High Schools Battle It Out at Robotic Match

The JPL-mentored winning team "Beach Bots" from Hermosa Beach, Calif., is shown here in blue next to the "The Pink Team" from the area around Cocoa Beach, Florida. The teams are operating their robots remotely. › Larger view

Fifty-eight teams from Southern California, Florida, Massachusetts and Chile competed in the Los Angeles regional FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) Robotics competition this past weekend, March 27 and 28. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., mentored 10 of the schools in this annual engineering and technology contest, which was held at the Long Beach Convention Center.

The teams from Hope Chapel Academy High School, Hermosa Beach, Calif.; Windward School Robotics and A & S Youth Organization, Los Angeles; and Dos Pueblos High School Engineering Academy, Goleta, Calif., won the overall regional competition. Beverly Hills High School in Beverly Hills, Calif., won the competition's highest award, the Regional Chairman's Award.

This year's "Breakaway" challenge closely resembled a robotic soccer match. In each two-minute-15-second match, two alliances of three teams competed on a 27-by-54-foot field with bumps. The object of the game was to attain the highest score by shooting balls into a goal, climbing on the alliance tower or platform, or by lifting an alliance robot off the playing surface.

The students designed and built their robots with the help of engineers from JPL, aerospace and other companies and institutions of higher education.

These students are among the more than 38,000 students in 1,500 teams from around the world vying to compete in the FIRST championships. FIRST is part of NASA's Robotics Alliance Project, which aims to expand the number of robotics systems experts available to NASA.

2010 Los Angeles Regional FIRST Robotics Awards
* Denotes JPL-mentored team

Regional Chairman's Award
"MorTorq," Beverly Hills High School, Beverly Hills

Engineering Inspiration Award
"D'Penguineers," Dos Pueblos High School Engineering Academy, Goleta

Regional Winners
*"Beach Bots," Hope Chapel Academy High School, Hermosa Beach "D'Penguineers," Dos Pueblos High School Engineering Academy, Goleta "Wildcats," Windward School Robotics and A & S, Los Angeles

Regional Finalists
"Beach Cities Robotics," Redondo Union and Mira Costa High School, Redondo Beach "RAWC," West Covina High School, West Covina *"ThunderBots," John Burroughs High School, Burbank

Cooperation Award
"Gompei and the H.E.R.D.," Massachusetts Academy of Math and Science, Hawthorne, Mass.

Xerox Creativity Award
"TorBots," South High School, North High School, West High School and Torrance High School, Torrance

Delphi Engineering Excellence Award
"Gompei and the H.E.R.D.," Massachusetts Academy of Match and Science, Worcester, Mass.

Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Byers Entrepreneurship Award
"The Nerd Herd," California Academy of Mathematics and Science, Carson

AutoDesk Excellence in Design Award
"DOC," Buchanan High School, Clovis

Johnson & Johnson Gracious Professionalism Award
"DOC," Buchanan High School, Clovis

Highest Rookie Seed Award
"Dragonbots," Foothill Technology High School, Ventura

Imagery Award in honor of Jack Kamen
"The Pink Team," Rockledge High School, Cocoa Beach High School and Viera High School, Florida

General Motors Industrial Design Award
*"Beach Bots," Hope Chapel Academy High School, Hermosa Beach

Underwriters Laboratory Industrial Safety Award
*"Wolverines," Foshay Learning Center, Los Angeles

Rockwell Automation Innovation in Control Award
"Beach Cities Robotics," Redondo Union and Mira Costa High School, Redondo Beach

Judges Award
"Metalcrafters," Centinela Valley Union High School District, Hawthorne

Motorola Quality Award
"RAWC," West Covina High School, West Covina

Rookie All-Star Award
"Dragonbots," Foothill Technology High School, Ventura

Rookie Inspiration Award
"NohoRobo," North Hollywood High School, North Hollywood

Chrysler Team Spirit Award
"Iron Eagles," Verbum Dei High School, Watts

Website Award
*"Wolverines," Foshay Learning Center, Los Angeles

View my blog's last three great articles...

• Extreme Weather Impacts Migratory Birds
• Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust: Chandra/Spitzer Imag...
• 1980s Video Icon Glows on Saturn Moon

Extreme Weather Impacts Migratory Birds

Every year, hurricanes and droughts wreak havoc on human lives and property around the world. And according to a pair of new NASA-funded studies, migratory birds also experience severe impacts to their habitats and populations from these events.

While this may not seem like a revelation, the researchers were surprised to find that migratory bird species located as far as 60 miles (100 kilometers) from a hurricane’s path had experienced a long-term loss in population. Those populations took up to five years to rebound from the damage to their forest environments.

At the same time, researchers found that some migratory bird species could experience population losses as high as 13 percent when rainfall levels fall dramatically and cause drought in plains regions. The studies appear in the March edition of Global Change Biology.

"These studies suggest that whether a hurricane or a drought batters an area, migratory habits -- whether birds migrate south or stay put after breeding season -- are a strong predictor of how birds will fare," said Anna Pidgeon, an avian ecologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a NASA-funded co-author of both studies.

"We believe changes in weather and climate are fundamental drivers of migration but, until now, we’ve known little of how changes in climate compel changes in migratory patterns," said Woody Turner, manager of the biodiversity program at NASA’s Headquarters in Washington. "The correlations don’t necessarily mean the environment alone is forcing migratory changes, but they offer a good place to start looking."

Wings of Change

Turner and other researchers see birds as excellent indicators of overall environmental health. Birds can give advance notice of ecosystem changes that will affect humans in time, while also telling us about the broader impacts of our actions.

Pidgeon, along with colleagues from NASA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service, the University of Maryland-College Park, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, grouped 77 bird species into "migratory guilds." The guilds were based on similar migratory habits: birds that migrate long distances (to the tropics or subtropics), short distances, or reside solely in one location; breeding habitats: urban, semi-arid, or water-based habitats; the type of nests they construct; and whether they nest on or close to the ground or in tree canopies.

At the outset, researchers believed intuitively that hurricanes would cause losses among tree nesters due to a wipe-out of habitat from downed trees. That would bring gains for ground- and shrub nesters because of the increase in ground vegetation and nesting resources.

Pidgeon’s research team examined five Gulf and Atlantic Coast areas affected by hurricanes between 1984 and 2005. They used population and diversity data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, tracks of hurricanes, and a time-series of digital images from the NASA-built Landsat remote sensing satellite. When matched to data on breeding seasons, the scientists found that destruction of habitat correlated with varying degrees of distress on the bird species. Habitat destruction caused losses in abundance and diversity across all species in the season following hurricanes, which persisted as long as five years.

Hurricanes pose no immediate danger to bird conservation, Pidgeon believes, provided there remains ample and suitable forest habitat to which birds can shift in the aftermath of a major storm.

Grass Not Always Greener for Birds

In a separate study, Pidgeon and colleagues identified periods of drought and their subsequent impact on bird species. They started with a measure of the amount and quality of refuge for birds -- the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which assesses the seasonal "greenness" of the landscape. The method involves using data from a satellite-based radiometer that measures the color of the landscape in different wavelengths according to a plant’s ability to absorb radiation. The stronger the reflectance of wavelengths off Earth’s surface, the greater density of green leaves on the ground.

When they compared this "greenness" against 15 years of precipitation data from 1,600 weather stations across the plains of North America, the team found that precipitation is a better means of forecasting bird survival during drought. "Rows of corn may be a sign of vegetation when viewed in a satellite image, but they don’t help protect birds during a drought because they’re not essential habitat," Pidgeon explained.

Whether researchers considered bird species together or in groups, according to whether they stay in an area all year versus spending the winter to the south, they always found that precipitation, rather than "greenness," was more strongly associated with species diversity and abundance.

"Satellite remote sensing is helping us see and analyze the ecological impact of these events on bird populations, as well as marine species and mammals," says climatologist Bill Patzert of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "Ultimately, however, hurricanes, drought, and other influences act as part of natural selection."

Related Links:

> About Anna Pidgeon
> About Woody Turner
> Measuring Vegetation with NDVI
> Butterflies Reeling From Impacts of Climate and Development
> Scientists Find Climate Change to Have Paradoxical Effects on Coastal Wetlands

View my blog's last three great articles...

• Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust: Chandra/Spitzer Imag...
• 1980s Video Icon Glows on Saturn Moon
• Houston, We Have an Astronaut

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Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust: Chandra/Spitzer Image

A composite image from NASA's Chandra (blue) and Spitzer (green and red-yellow) space telescopes shows the dusty remains of a collapsed star, a supernova remnant called G54.1+0.3.
› Full image and caption

A new image from NASA's Chandra and Spitzer space telescopes shows the dusty remains of a collapsed star. The dust is flying past and engulfing a nearby family of stars.

"Scientists think the stars in the image are part of a stellar cluster in which a supernova exploded," said Tea Temin of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Mass., who led the study. "The material ejected in the explosion is now blowing past these stars at high velocities."

The composite image of G54.1+0.3 is online at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/?IDNumber=pia12982 . It shows the Chandra X-ray Observatory data in blue, and data from the Spitzer Space Telescope in green (shorter wavelength) and red-yellow (longer). The white source near the center of the image is a dense, rapidly rotating neutron star, or pulsar, left behind after a core-collapse supernova explosion. The pulsar generates a wind of high-energy particles -- seen in the Chandra data -- that expands into the surrounding environment, illuminating the material ejected in the supernova explosion.

The infrared shell that surrounds the pulsar wind is made up of gas and dust that condensed out of debris from the supernova. As the cold dust expands into the surroundings, it is heated and lit up by the stars in the cluster so that it is observable in infrared. The dust closest to the stars is the hottest and is seen glowing in yellow in the image. Some of the dust is also being heated by the expanding pulsar wind as it overtakes the material in the shell.

The unique environment into which this supernova exploded makes it possible for astronomers to observe the condensed dust from the supernova that is usually too cold to emit in infrared. Without the presence of the stellar cluster, it would not be possible to observe this dust until it becomes energized and heated by a shock wave from the supernova. However, the very action of such shock heating would destroy many of the smaller dust particles. In G54.1+0.3, astronomers are observing pristine dust before any such destruction.

G54.1+0.3 provides an exciting opportunity for astronomers to study the freshly formed supernova dust before it becomes altered and destroyed by shocks. The nature and quantity of dust produced in supernova explosions is a long-standing mystery, and G54.1+0.3 supplies an important piece to the puzzle.

NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory controls Chandra's science and flight operations from Cambridge, Mass.

The Spitzer observations were made before the telescope ran out of its coolant in May 2009 and began its "warm" mission. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., manages Spitzer for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Science operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Caltech manages JPL for NASA.

More information on the Spitzer Space Telescope is online at: http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/spitzer and http://www.nasa.gov/spitzer . More information on the Chandra X-ray Observatory is at: http://chandra.harvard.edu and http://chandra.nasa.gov .

View my blog's last three great articles...

• 1980s Video Icon Glows on Saturn Moon
• Houston, We Have an Astronaut
• The Spirit of Pete Conrad Lives on at Innovation S...

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1980s Video Icon Glows on Saturn Moon

This figure illustrates the unexpected and bizarre pattern of daytime temperatures found on Saturn's small inner moon Mimas (396 kilometers, or 246 miles, in diameter).
› Full image and caption
› View related images

The highest-resolution-yet temperature map and images of Saturn's icy moon Mimas obtained by NASA's Cassini spacecraft reveal surprising patterns on the surface of the small moon, including unexpected hot regions that resemble "Pac-Man" eating a dot, and striking bands of light and dark in crater walls.

"Other moons usually grab the spotlight, but it turns out Mimas is more bizarre than we thought it was," said Linda Spilker, Cassini project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "It has certainly given us some new puzzles."

Cassini collected the data on Feb. 13, during its closest flyby of the moon, which is marked by an enormous scar called Herschel Crater and resembles the Death Star from "Star Wars."

Scientists working with the composite infrared spectrometer, which mapped Mimas' temperatures, expected smoothly varying temperatures peaking in the early afternoon near the equator. Instead, the warmest region was in the morning, along one edge of the moon's disk, making a sharply defined Pac-Man shape, with temperatures around 92 Kelvin (minus 294 degrees Fahrenheit). The rest of the moon was much colder, around 77 Kelvin (minus 320 degrees Fahrenheit). A smaller warm spot - the dot in Pac-Man's mouth - showed up around Herschel, with a temperature around 84 Kelvin (minus 310 degrees Fahrenheit).

The warm spot around Herschel makes sense because tall crater walls (about 5 kilometers, or 3 miles, high) can trap heat inside the crater. But scientists were completely baffled by the sharp, V-shaped pattern.

"We suspect the temperatures are revealing differences in texture on the surface," said John Spencer, a Cassini composite infrared spectrometer team member based at Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo. "It's maybe something like the difference between old, dense snow and freshly fallen powder."

Denser ice quickly conducts the heat of the sun away from the surface, keeping it cold during the day. Powdery ice is more insulating and traps the sun's heat at the surface, so the surface warms up.

Even if surface texture variations are to blame, scientists are still trying to figure out why there are such sharp boundaries between the regions, Spencer said. It is possible that the impact that created Herschel Crater melted surface ice and spread water across the moon. That liquid may have flash-frozen into a hard surface. But it is hard to understand why this dense top layer would remain intact when meteorites and other space debris should have pulverized it by now, Spencer said.

Icy spray from the E ring, one of Saturn's outer rings, should also keep Mimas relatively light-colored, but the new visible-light images from the flyby paint a picture of surprising contrasts. Cassini imaging team scientists didn't expect to see dark streaks trailing down the bright crater walls or a continuous, narrow pile of concentrated dark debris tracing the foot of each wall.

The pattern may appear because of the way the surface of Mimas ages, said Paul Helfenstein, a Cassini imaging team associate based at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. Over time, the moon's surface appears to accumulate a thin veil of silicate minerals or carbon-rich particles, possibly because of meteor dust falling onto the moon, or impurities already embedded in surface ice.

As the sun's warming rays and the vacuum of space evaporate the brighter ice, the darker material is concentrated and left behind. Gravity pulls the dark material down the crater walls, exposing fresh ice underneath. Although similar effects are seen on other moons of Saturn, the visibility of these contrasts on a moon continually re-paved with small particles from the E ring helps scientists estimate rates of change on other satellites.

"These processes are not unique to Mimas, but the new high-definition images are like Rosetta stones for interpreting them," Helfenstein said.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo. The composite infrared spectrometer team is based at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., where the instrument was built.

More information and images are available at http://www.nasa.gov/cassini and http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov.

› View related images

View my blog's last three great articles...

• Houston, We Have an Astronaut
• The Spirit of Pete Conrad Lives on at Innovation S...
• NASA's First Class of Female Astronauts

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Houston, We Have an Astronaut

Houston. It was the first word from the moon, and the city has served as the home of Mission Control and the nation’s human spaceflight program for more than 40 years. But even though Houston has been the home of NASA's astronaut corps for decades, the city has never had a hometown astronaut -- until now.

Shannon Walker, born and raised in Houston, will become the city’s first native to fly in space when she launches to the International Space Station in June. Walker, along with astronaut Doug Wheelock and cosmonaut Fyodor Yurchikhin, will launch on June 16 aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazahkstan and will spend six months aboard the orbiting outpost.

Walker’s background is filled with unique events – some by chance and some planned – that led her to become an astronaut. After she graduated from Westbury High School in Houston, Walker attended Rice University. She majored in physics, but wasn’t sure what direction that would take her.

“I was having a hard time getting interest from future employers because of my physics background,” she said. “It seemed all anyone wanted was engineers.”

Walker then happened to meet and interview with a man at NASA, and the subsequent conversation would change Walker’s career path for good. That man was former space shuttle flight director and now senior NASA executive Wayne Hale.

“It was a stroke of luck how it happened,” Walker said. She joined NASA in 1987 as a space shuttle flight controller. She took some time to pursue her doctoral degree in space physics and then returned to NASA in 1993. She worked in both Russia and the United States as the International Space Station came into being, all the while thinking about taking yet another leap. In 2004, Walker applied and was accepted into the astronaut corps.

“When I became an astronaut, I knew I wanted to pursue long-duration flight aboard the station,” She said. “I knew it would be a just a tremendous personal challenge, and I looked forward to it.”

Now that she is approaching her flight, Walker is in the process of completing her final training sessions in both Houston and Star City, Russia. Even though she will leave her hometown behind for six months, she’s going to take a little piece of Houston with her up to the station.

“They’ve given me the key to the city to take with me,” Walker said. She’s also planning on taking up some other personal items as well as some Rice University artifacts. Walker also said she plans on taking up some less tangible things with her – some advice she has received from previous station residents.

“They have all told me to take some time – as busy as it gets – to really enjoy the experience and to take it all in,” she said. “I think that’s probably the best advice I’ve gotten.”

View my blog's last three great articles...

• The Spirit of Pete Conrad Lives on at Innovation S...
• NASA's First Class of Female Astronauts
• Preparing Discovery for Flight

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The Spirit of Pete Conrad Lives on at Innovation Summit

A lunar habitat module, paper that captures sound as energy and a drug delivery system for use in space. What do these inventions have in common? They’re all concepts being developed for commercialization by high school students competing in the Conrad Foundation’s Innovation Summit.

The summit is being held April 8-10, 2010 at NASA’s Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. The "Spirit of Innovation" award is in honor of the late Charles 'Pete' Conrad, a highly decorated naval aviator and astronaut who flew Gemini V, Gemini XI, commanded Apollo XII and was the third person to walk on the moon. Conrad went on to fly Skylab, our first space station. He received a Congressional Space Medal of Honor for his work on Skylab.

Nancy Conrad, wife of the late Pete Conrad, serves as chairman of the Conrad Foundation. She formed the program to provide high school students with an understanding of science and technology and give them an opportunity to solve real world problems through innovation and entrepreneurship.

During the three-day event, 25 teams from all over the U.S. present their ideas to a panel of experts similar to the way start-up entrepreneurs "pitch" to potential investors. The teams create an online portfolio (videos, blog and "company" logo) to present to venture capitalists, entrepreneurs and scientists.

Winning teams receive an opportunity to commercialize the technology and $5,000 in seed money to further develop the product.

"Our goal is to excite students about science, technology and innovation by connecting them with top entrepreneurs, scientists and industry leaders," said Joshua Neubert, executive director for the Conrad Foundation.

Niveditha Jayasekar, a student from Monta Vista High School in Cupertino, Calif., said she became fascinated with nanotechnology as early as the sixth grade. Jayasekar and her four teammates are using a patented nanotechnology developed by NASA scientist Dr. David Loftus to deliver pharmaceuticals in microgravity. The team hopes the product could lead to future breakthroughs in the field of space medicine.

Monta Vista High School teacher Carl Schmidt is the team’s advisor and representative for Future Business Leaders of America. Schmidt said contrary to most science competitions, students in the Conrad Innovation Summit approach projects with an entrepreneurial mindset. "They need to think about who has a problem and will pay to get it solved," Schmidt said. "The goal is to take a technological idea to the commercial market."

Schmidt said the students gain experience working with scientists as well as an understanding of the market. He adds that the competition, which has 30 percent female participation, is a unique way to recruit more females into science and technology fields.

The 25 finalist teams will compete in four categories: aerospace exploration, renewable energy, green schools and space nutrition. Beginning March 29, 2010, the public can visit the Conrad Foundation Web site and vote for their favorite team. Winners for the People’s Choice Awards will be announced on April 10, 2010.

For more information about the Conrad Innovation Summit, visit:

http://www.conradawards.org

View my blog's last three great articles...

• NASA's First Class of Female Astronauts
• Preparing Discovery for Flight
• Opportunity Surpasses 20 Kilometers of Total Drivi...

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NASA's First Class of Female Astronauts

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From left to right are Shannon W. Lucid, Margaret Rhea Seddon, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Judith A. Resnik, Anna L. Fisher, and Sally K. Ride. NASA selected all six women as their first female astronaut candidates in January 1978, allowing them to enroll in a training program that they completed in August 1979.

View my blog's last three great articles...

• Preparing Discovery for Flight
• Opportunity Surpasses 20 Kilometers of Total Drivi...
• NASA Study Finds Atlantic 'Conveyor Belt' Not Slow...

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Quatro Elementos (Terra, água, ar, fogo)

O filósofo grego grego Empédocles (495-425 aC) explica a necessidade  de existência dos quatro elementos básicos do Universo. Cada um tem qualidades específicas que se medem em função do calor, do frio, da secura, da humidade. Deste modo: o fogo é quente e seco; o ar é quente e húmido; a Terra é fria e seca; a água é fria e húmida.
*R. H. Lundin; "Humoral theory", Encyclopedia of Psychology, John Willey & Sons, New York, vol. II,pg. 147
O médico  Cláudio Galeno (130-200)informa que o médico grego Hipócrates (460-336 aC) associou os quatro elementos a sua teoria dos quatro humores (sanguíneo, colérico, fleugmático, melancólico) condicionantes das diversas doenças humanas.
Surgem conjuntamente com: as quatro partes do Mundo (Norte, Leste. Sul, Ocidente); os quatro ventos; as quatro Estações do Ano; as quatro Idades do Homem (infância, juventude, velhice, decrepitude); as quatro qualidades do doze Signos do Zodíaco.

Joachim Beuckelaer (1533-1574) "os quatro elementos-a água"-óleo sobre tela-ca 1570 Napoli-Galleria Nazionale di Capodimonte    London-National Gallery

Joachim Beuckelaer (1533-1574) "os quatro elementos-Terra"-óleo sobre tela-ca 1570  London-National Gallery

Joachim Beuckelaer (1533-1574) "os quatro elementos-ar"-óleo sobre tela-ca 1570  London-National Gallery

Joachim Beuckelaer (1533-1574) "os quatro elementos-fogo"-óleo sobre tela-ca 1570  London-National Gallery

Preparing Discovery for Flight

A specialized transporter brought the payload canister to Launch Pad 39A in preparation for the STS-131 mission. The canister, which is the same dimensions as the shuttle's cargo bay, held the Leonardo supply module during the move from processing to the shuttle. Leonardo will be packed inside space shuttle Discovery for launch. In this image, the payload canister holding the Leonardo supply module is hoisted to the clean room at Launch pad 39A.

Opportunity Surpasses 20 Kilometers of Total Driving

NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity today surpassed 20 kilometers (12.43 miles) of total driving since it landed on Mars 74 months ago.

The drive taking the rover past that total covered 67 meters (220 feet) southward as part of the rover's long-term trek toward Endeavour Crater to the southeast. It was on the 2,191st Martian day, or sol, of the mission and brought Opportunity's total odometry to 20.0433 kilometers. To reach Endeavour, the healthy but aging rover will need to drive about 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) farther.

Opportunity's mission on Mars was originally planned to last for three months with a driving-distance goal of 600 meters (less than half a mile).

Since landing, Opportunity has examined a series of craters on the plain of Meridiani, and the journey so far has covered a portion of the plain with negligible tilt. Now, the rover is approaching a portion tilting slightly southward. Recent images toward the southwest show the rim of a crater named Bopolu, about 65 kilometers (40 miles) away.

Meanwhile, Spirit, Opportunity's twin, is continuing minimal operations due to declining solar energy with the approach of winter in Mars' southern hemisphere. Spirit has been communicating on schedule once per week. It is expected to drop to a low-power hibernation mode soon that could prevent communications for weeks at a time during the next several months.

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Exploration Rover Project for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington. For more information about the Mars rovers, visit http://www.nasa.gov/rovers.

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Robby Wash ~ Laundry Ball Complete System ~ GIVEAWAY !!! ~ Ends 4/7

Available for the first time in the U.S., Oransi – http://www.oransi.com - launched the ultra high efficiency laundry detergent that is eco-friendly and economical called Robby Wash. Designed in France and popular in Europe for several years, the Robby Wash ball uses a patented worldwide technology to clean laundry better than traditional powder detergents. The Robby Wash hypoallergenic laundry detergent ball contains 10 ounces of macro-molecules of laundry detergent which lasts in the washer up to 12 months replacing 75 lbs. of traditional laundry detergent – saving the environment from harsh chemicals while the consumer saves more than $100 over 200 laundry wash cycles.

Robby Wash benefits include:

• Superior cleaning ability compared to traditional laundry detergent.
• Robby Wash is independently tested, proven and guaranteed.
• Saves money by eliminating the need to buy additional laundry detergent for up to one year – saving each consumer more than $100 annually.
• Easy to use – simply place the Robby Wash in the washer.
• Saves the environment by eliminating use of more than 75 lbs. of traditional laundry detergent annually.
• Contains hypoallergenic laundry detergent formulas and can be used as baby laundry detergent.
• Meets the strict environmental compliance requirements of Europe (more stringent than U.S.) and contains no phosphates or chlorine.
• Economical refills allow each Robby Wash ball to last two to three years.
• The blue Robby Wash ball can be used in either cold or hot water while maintaining the softness and colors of washed items.
• The fuchsia Robby Ball is formulated to specifically clean colored laundry items and is for use in cool water temperatures.

The Robby Wash Laundry Ball pack (blue or fuchsia) is $32.95 and will last up to 12 months. Visit http://www.oransi.com/robby_wash_high_efficiency_wash_ball_s/39.htm for more information or to purchase Robby Wash.

About Oransi

Founded in 2009 by a team of executives and engineers with decades of experience in the air quality and home cleaning products industries, Oransi provides the best new green cleaning products from around the world to U.S. consumers – including HEPA air purifiers, ionic air purifiers for rooms and refrigerators, and green laundry products.

This is exciting to me. Not only is Robby wash friendly to the environment, but it's HUGE friendly to my budget!

I have been using the Robby wash for about a week now. Nothing could be easier. Just toss it in your load. The laundry comes out smelling fresh and clean ~ no perfume smells because there are no extra chemicals added that we don't need and can be harmful.

My laundry is coming out clean. I haven't noticed any stains or residue & with a seven year old stains and residue are a normal part of doing laundry. Included is a stain stick, but I haven't had to use it yet. The Robby Wash ball has been doing the job just fine.

Robby Wash is a feel good product.

BUY IT:

You can purchase the Robby Wash System at Oransi http://www.oransi.com - saving you $100 + annually on laundry detergent!

WIN IT!!!

One very lucky winner will recieve the Robby Wash Complete System!! The fuchsia & blue ball!!!

MAIN ENTRY:

Visit Oransi and tell me something you learned about the Robby Ball or the company

EXTRAS:

*enter to win a pair of UGG boots (simple 2 step entry) ( 5 bonus entries) -MUST BE ENTERED THROUGH THIS BLOG

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* Subscribe to Wishing Penny by email


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* blog this post & leave a link ( 3 bonus entries )


* grab my button


* follow me at Networked Blogs (right side)

*enter my Tropical Traditions Atchara giveaway


* follow me @ Twitter & tweet this contest - RT @jamaise {GIVEAWAY} #WIN a Robby Wash Complete Laundry System economically & environmentally friendly :) ends 4/7 http://bit.ly/aEgjkO
( 2 bonus entries)


* Re-Tweet daily for an extra entry each tweet

*Favorite me at Technorati



- That's 11 possible entries with a chance for unlimited possible entry points!!


Giveaway will end on April 7th at 11 :59 am EST. Winner will be selected using Random .org. I will email the winner & you will have 48 hours to reply back before I draw a new winner . Please remember to leave me your email address if it is not visible on your profile so that I can contact you if you win. Good luck to everyone :)

Disclaimer: Robby Wash / Oransi provided me with a review sample and the same for one winner. These views are my own.

Loving Comfort ~ Maternity Support ~ Review

I have recently learned that this is an essential for pregnancy-
The Loving Comfort Maternity Support belt.

I have lately started having support issues. Extreme pressure that a times feels like something will drop!

The Loving Support is easy to use, doesn't show under clothes, and most importantly makes you feel better!

From the site:

Loving Comfort® Maternity Support supports in a natural way. It lifts and supports your abdomen and transfers the weight evenly and comfortably to your spine ... where nature intended it. It simply adds to your natural support, reducing the strain on your tissues and providing immediate relief. Based on a design used by doctors and therapists for years, Loving Comfort® Maternity Support is now more comfortable and convenient than ever. And because it doesn't show under clothing, your Loving Comfort® Maternity Support will help you look as good as you feel. Available in white only.

I can't believe I've never used a maternity support before. Maybe I've never needed one. But I will tell you it makes a huge difference.

I only wear the support around the house if I'm really needing it, because I can rest at home. I NEVER leave home without it.

Because of the affordability of the Loving Comfort Maternity Support, I would suggest that if you're pregnant, you purchase one. The extra support makes things a lot more comfortable.

BUY IT:

You can purchase the Loving Comfort Maternity Support at a retailer in your area. Just check this chart. You can also purchase online at Amazon.

Disclaimer:
Loving Comfort Maternity Support/ Scott Specialties, Inc provided me with a product to review. I am under no obligation to review it if I so chose. Nor was I under any obligation to write a positive review. These views are my own.

Radical livre (química biológica)

Denominam-se radicais livres as moléculas ou átomos altamente reactivos devido à presença de um electrão suplementar na última camada. A teoria "mitochondrial free radical theory of aging" iniciou-se em 1954. Nos organismos vivos formam-se endogenamente durante os processos de oxidação de alguns nutrientes absorvidos por via digestiva. Entre os provenientes do exterior contam-se: factores de poluição ambiental, RX e UV, tabaco fumado, álcool, gorduras animais, resíduos de pesticidas, certos aditivos alimentares, hormonas administradas a animais, parte do oxigénio respirado. Os organismos vivos possuem enzimas que actuam eficazmente como protectoras da sua agressividade sobre as células, mas necessitam de suplementos disponíveis em legumes e frutos portadores de substâncias anti-oxidantes: vitaminas C e E e beta-carotenos. A sua presença a nível celular desencadeia distúrbios patológicos como: derrames sanguíneos, enfarto do miocárdio, aterosclerose, certos tipos de cancro e doenças de Alzheimer e Parkinson.

*Barry Halliwell and M. C. Gutteridge; Free radical in biology and medicine, Claredon Press, Oxford (1989)

Formação de radicais livres

Necessidade de anti-oxidantes externos

Danos provocados por radicais livres

Lucas Cranach, o velho (1472-1553) "Fonte de juventude"-óleo sobre madeira-1546 Berlin-Gemäldegalerie