Fumadores de cachimbo (pipe smokers)

O uso do tabaco na Europa começa com a descoberta da América pois o género Nicotiana é originário deste Continente. Atribuem a sua divulgação a Jean Nicot, embaixador francês em Lisboa e deram ao seu principal alcalóide a designação de nicotina. Usaram o tabaco inalado mas esta forma de consumo entrou há muito em desuso. Fumam o tabaco em cachimbos ou na forma de charutos e principalmente cigarros. Passados 20 minutos a nicotina libertada no fumo diminui grandemente o calibre dos vasos sanguíneos. O monóxido de carbono originado na combustão impede a normal formação de oxi-hemoglobina necessária à oxigenação sanguínea e celular. Em recintos fechados os fumadores passivos inalam 50% de nicotina.

Tobacco use in Europe begins with the discovery of America because the genus Nicotiana is from this continent. Attach to its disclosure to Jean Nicot, French ambassador in London and gave its name to the main alkaloid nicotine. Used tobacco inhaled but this form of consumption has long entered into disuse. Smoked tobacco in pipes or as cigars and cigarettes primarily. After 20 minutes of nicotine released into the smoke greatly reduces the size of blood vessels. Carbon monoxide caused by combustion prevents the normal formation of oxy-hemoglobin necessary for blood oxygenation and cellular. Indoor passive smokers inhale 50% of nicotine.

Frans Hals (ca 1580-1666)-'the smoker'-oil on wood-ca 1625 New York-Metropolitan Museum of Art

Frans van Mieris, the Elder (1635-1681)-'a old soldier with a pipe'-oil on panel Allentown-Art Museum

Paul Cézanne (1839-1905)-'man smoking a pipe'-oil on canva-(1895-1900) Moscow-The Pushkin Museum of Fine Art

Gerrit Dou (1613-1675)-'man smoking a pipe'-oil on canvas-ca 1650 Amsterdam-Rijksmuseum

Émile-Jean-Horace Vernet (1789-1863)-'self-portrait with pipe'-oil on canvas St Petersburg- Hermitage